Conditional Sentence ( Kalimat
pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang
mungkin terjadi atau mungkin tidak terjadi seperti yang diharapkan. Kalimat pengandaian terdiri atas dua bagian, yaitu
man clause (induk kalimat) dan if clause (anak kalimat). Dalam if clause
terkandung syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi agar keadaan seperti terkandung
dalam main clause dapat terwujud. Oleh karena itu, conditional sentences
disebut juga kalimat bersyarat. Conditional Sentences
atau kalimat pengandaian terdiri dari dua jenis yaitu real conditional (nyata)
dan unreal/ contrary to fact (tidak nyata).
Conditional sentences
pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:
A. Digunakannya kata if dalam anak kalimat
(subordinate clause). Karena clause ini diawali oleh if maka disebut if
clause.
B. Digunakannya modal
auxiliary, seperti will, can, may, must, would,
could, might, etc. pada pokok kalimat (main clause).
Ada beberapa tipe Conditional Sentence, yaitu:
1. Type I :
Future Conditional
2. Type II :
Present Conditional
3. Type III : Past Conditional
1. Type I: Future
Conditional
Kalimat ini mengungkapkan kejadian yang diharapkan akan terjadi di masa
yang akan datang dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi. (probable condition)
Pola kalimat:
If + S + Verb
(present), S + future tense
atau
subjek + future tense, if + subjek + future tense
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Contoh:
1.
If you study hard, you
will pass the final exam.
2.
If she wins the
competition, they will give her a gold medal.
3. If she
comes, I will give her
the message.
4.
You will be late if you sleep late.
5. If
we arrive late, she will be angry with us.
6.
They will buy a car if they have money.
7.
My mother will go to Bali if she has a lot of
money.
8.
If she has my address, she will send the
invitation to me.
9. He will
not come if you are angry with him
10. He
will not go to the picnic, if it rains.
2. Type II: Present Conditional
Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi sekarang tetapi
tidak terjadi.
(Improbable condition)
Pola kalimat:
If + S + Verb 2 /
were + S + would + Verb1
If + S + V2, Subject + Past Future
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Contoh:
1.
If I had enough time, I
would go fishing.
2. If you were a sugar, I would be a ant.
3. If Natasha Rizky were my girlfriend, I would be the
happiest boy in the world.
4.
I would send her an invitation if I found her
address.
5. If
he smokes less, he wouldn’t cough so much.
6. If she visited me, I would give her money.
7.
If I were you, I would not do this
8.
If I found her address, I would send her an
invitation.
9.
If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.
10. If we
had a yacht, the would sail the seven seas
Catatan:
Pada tipe ini, to be untuk semua subyek pada IF clause adalah WERE.
3. Type III : Past Conditional
Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi di waktu lampau,
tetapi tidak terjadi.
(impossible condition)
Pola kalimat:
If + S + Past Perfect +, S + Past perfect future + Verb 3
Subject + Past perfect future, if + Subjek + Past
Perfect + V3
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Contoh:
1. If the team had played well, it would have won the
competition.
2. If Alter Bridge had been here, I would have been very
happy.
3. If I
hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.
4. If
I had known her number, i would have called her.
5. If he had studied hard, he would have passed the final
exam.
6.
If I had found her address, I would have sent her
an invitation.
7.
I would have sent her an invitation if I had
found her address.
8.
If John had the money, he would have bought a
Ferrari.
9. If you had come to my house, you would have met me.
10. If Chris
had the money, he would have bought a Lamborghini
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